What is Nutrition
Nutrition is a biochemical and physiological process, in which organisms consume food to support their life. Organisms take nutrients from food
Why nutrition is important for human body
Nutrition is Important for human body because Nutrition provides enough energy to do daily works. Besides, Nutrition helps to repair human body tissues.
A healthy diet could be one of the healthy body’s secrets. A healthy diet provides enough energy to do daily works moreover it causes having balanced development and weight, this diet also helps for repairing body tissues, preventing from several illnesses and increasing quality of life. These all cause increasing longevity.
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Types of Nutrition in human
There are 6 different nutrition for human’s consumption:
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins and minerals
- Water
Carbohydrates: Every gram of carbohydrates contains 4 calories of energy. Carbohydrates have two types, simple carbohydrates, and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates include Monosaccharides (glucose/galactose) and disaccharides ( maltose/ sucrose). Complex carbohydrates like starch/ glycogen.
Carbohydrates are recuperative for organs such as the heart, kidney, etc, nervous system, and muscles. The body can store a certain amount of carbohydrates in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscles. Bread, rice, potatoes, and cereals are some resources of carbohydrates.
Fats: Every gram of fats contains 9 calories of energy. Fats have two types, Saturated fats, and Unsaturated fats.
Saturated fats are founded in dairy food, meat, chicken, and animal oil. This type determines the level of cholesterol in the blood.
Unsaturated fats are found in vegetable oil and fish. Excess fat is stored in adipose tissue or surrounds organs such as the heart. The body needs fat to maintain heat, insulate and consume fat-soluble vitamins( K, E, D, A), build brain cells and nerve tissue.
Proteins: Every gram of protein contains 4 calories of energy. The building block of proteins is amino acids. The body needs 20 types of amino acids that it can just make 11 types of them, the other 9 types should be received by food.
They’re two types of proteins, complete proteins, and incomplete proteins.
Complete proteins include all necessary amino acids for the body and their resources are meat, fish, chicken, egg, milk, etc.
Incomplete proteins include just some of the necessary amino acids for the body and their resources are plant proteins such as soy, pea, brown rice, beans, etc.
Excess protein is converted to energy or stored in the body in the form of fat. To grow, repair, and protect muscle tissue in the body, we use proteins.
Vitamins and minerals: Vitamins cause the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In general vitamins have two groups, fat-soluble vitamins, and water-soluble vitamins.
Fat-soluble vitamins can store in the body, usually, in the liver, K, E, D, A are fat-soluble vitamins.
Water-soluble vitamins include C and B vitamins that the body isn’t able to store. Fresh vegetables, fruits, and beans are resources of vitamins.
Minerals play role in managing the chemical processes of the body. Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium are among of minerals. Minerals keep the body healthier and some of them are used to make different body tissues.
To illustrate it, iron takes part in the structure of hemoglobin and calcium helps build and strengthen teeth and bones.
Water: More than 60 percent of the body is water, water plays a vital role in all processes and reactions of the body. Nowadays, is recommended to consume 6 to 8 glasses of water (any other liquids that can provide a certain amount of water for the body) for daily activities.
What happens if you don’t get proper nutrition
Proper Carbohydrates: Researchers believe that carbohydrates help to secrete Serotonin in the brain, so it’s helpful for concentration, memory and reduces stress and anxiety. Extra carbohydrates can bring fatness but consuming enough carbohydrates from resources such as wheat and cereals can be useful for people who want to balance their fat and also eat enough carbohydrates, extra carbohydrates also can increase the possibility of type-2-diabetes and heart diseases. Lack of carbohydrates brings nervous system problems.
Proper Fats: As mentioned above fats can store in body tissues and organs, so receiving fat more than our requirement cause overweight. Saturated fats cause high cholesterol and high blood pressure if have been consumed uncontrollably but enough amounts of these fats lead to decrease heart diseases and some cancers.
Proper Proteins: Symptoms of protein deficiency in children include hair loss, reduced growth, skin wounds, and diarrhea, and in adults includes loss of muscle, Imbalances in hormone secretion, and defects in the immune system. Kidney damage is one of the symptoms of excessive protein.
Proper Vitamins and Minerals: Vitamin A is necessary for healthy eyes, night blindness could happen in the state that we don’t eat enough vitamin A. Vitamin B12 is an amplifier for the immune system. Vitamin C is a very important antioxidant. Without vitamin K blood coagulation and clotting problems can occur.
Soft and weak bones could happen when the body has not enough calcium. Magnesium maintains the correct heart rhythm. Anemia and fatigue are two signs of lack of iron. Goiter and irregular periods in women occur due to iodine deficiency.
Proper Water: Dry skin and dry mouth, reduce sweating, reduce urine and discoloration indicates dehydration.
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How nutrition take place in amoeba
Amoeba is among unicellular organisms. It consumes nutrition throughout a process named phagocytosis (To absorb large molecules by some cells in the body and unicellular organisms). The method that amoeba use is Holozoic nutrition. The process has 5 steps:
- Ingestion: As amoeba is unicellular, it doesn’t have a mouth. It absorbs nutrition with the help of a structure called a vacuole. Vacuole occurs when pseudopodia surround nutrition and makes a circular structure. In this process, the amoeba has a food vacuole because its vacuole has nutrition. Ingestion is also known as phagocytosis.
- Digestion: Digestive enzyme comes into the vacuole. This enzyme breaks down insoluble and large particles into soluble and small particles.
- Absorption: Digested particles leave the vacuole and the cytoplasm of amoeba absorbs them, by diffusion ( small molecules passing throughout the cells or cell’s structures).
- Assimilation: The process of converting absorbed particles (Nutrition) into energy that amoeba can consume, called assimilation.
- Egestion: Undigested particles thrown out by rupturing the membrane of amoeba.
Why nutrition and exercise are important
Nutrients and exercises are inseparable things. You gain calories by consuming nutrition also need exercises to burn them. You have energy from nutrition and you need this energy to do exercises. Indeed, a balanced diet and daily exercises can cause a healthier body when they occur with each other.
For illustrate it, amino acids are essential for who want to have the muscular body or who is a weight lifter, athletes need calcium to prevent bones from decay and keep them strong, vitamins and minerals will help your body’s processes happen in order and correctly so athletes can run better.
In general to put receiving nutrition and exercises together will increase capacity to work, eating healthy, and have a high-quality life.
How does nutrition affect athletic performance
If we talk about how nutrition affects athletic performance, then nutrition is very important for any athlete because almost every athlete works very hard. For which they need carbohydrates, which gives them energy while performing. So nutrition provides energy to the athlete, which helps him to perform.
Almost all athlete, no matter what sports he plays, apart from his training, he also does gym, for which he needs more than 3000 calories a day. If an athlete does not take enough nutrition, then he will have a lot of difficulty in performing because he will not have energy.
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